Phân biệt cách dùng Although, Despite, In spite of, Though, Even though và bài tập

Như đã biết Although, Despite, In spite of, Though và Even though đều có nghĩa là Cho dù, Mặc dù. Tuy nhiên, trong thực tế chúng lại được sử dụng có phần khác nhau tuỳ vào từng ngữ cảnh.

Vì vậy trong bài viết này chúng ta cùng phân biệt cách dùng Although, Though, Even though và  Despite, In spite of một cách chi tiết để tránh nhầm lẫn khi sử dụng trong thực tế, đặc biệt là trong các kỳ thi tiếng anh.

I. Cách dùng Despite và In spite of

– Cấu trúc câu dạng: In spite of/ Despite + Noun/ Noun phrase/ Gerund phrase

1. Despite và In spite of đều là giới từ thể hiện sự tương phản

° Ví dụ: Despite và In spite được dùng tương đương nhau

Mary went to the carnival despite the rain; Mary went to the carnival in spite of the rain.

/* Mary đã đi đến lễ hội bất chấp trời mưa.*/

– Trong văn viết tiếng anh thì Despite có thể được coi là một sự thay đổi đi một chút của In spite of và được dùng phổ biến hơn.

2. Despite và In spite of đều là từ trái nghĩa của Because of.

° Ví dụ: Julie loved Tom in spite of his football obsession

/* Julie đã yêu Tom bất chấp nỗi ám ảnh bóng đá của anh ấy.*/

Julie loved Tom because of his football obsession

 /* Julie đã yêu Tom vì nỗi ám ảnh bóng đá của anh ta.*/

3. Despite và in spite of đứng trước một danh từ, đại từ (this, that, what,…) hoặc V-ing.

° Ví dụ:  Despite và in spite of đứng trước danh từ.

I woke up feeling refreshed despite Dave calling at midnight.

I woke up feeling refreshed in spite of Dave calling at midnight.

 /* Tôi đã đánh thức cảm giác được gợi lại dù Dave gọi lúc nửa đêm.*/

° Ví dụ: despite và in spite of đứng trước đại từ.

I want to go for a run despite this rain.

I want to go for a run in spite of this rain.

 /* Tôi muốn đi như bay mặc cho trời mưa.*/

° Ví dụ: despite và in spite of đứng trước V-ing.

Despite eating McDonalds regularly Mary remained slim.

In spite of eating McDonalds regularly Mary remained slim.

/* Mặc dù thường xuyên ăn McDonalds nhưng Mary vẫn thon thả.*/

4. Despite và in spite of đều thường đứng trước the fact. 

– Sử dụng in spite of và despite với với một mệnh đề bao gồm cả chủ ngữ và vị ngữ nếu như đứng trước “the fact that”.

° Ví dụ:  Mary bought a new pair of shoes despite the fact that she already had 97 pairs.

Mary went to the cinema in spite of the fact that she was exhausted.

 /* Mary đã mua một đôi giầy mới mặc dù thực tế rằng cô ấy đã có 97 đôi rồi.*/

5. Despite và in spite of đều có thể được dùng ở mệnh đề đầu hoặc mệnh đề thứ hai đều được.

° Ví dụ: She liked ice cream despite having sensitive teeth.

Despite having sensitive teeth, she went liked ice cream.

 /* Cô ấy thích ăn kem mặc dù răng dễ bị hỏng.*/

– Sự khác nhau giữa hai câu này là: Câu đầu nhấn mạnh thông tin về việc thích kem, còn câu thứ hai thì nhấn mạnh vào thông tin răng dễ hỏng.

II. Cách dùng Although, Though và Even though

– Although, Though và Even though có thể dùng để thay thế cho Despite và In spite of nhưng về mặt cấu trúc ngữ pháp thì có phần khác biệt.

– Cấu trúc câu dạng: Although/ though/ even though + S + V…, S + V…

1. Dùng Although, though, even though đứng ở đầu câu hoặc giữa hai mệnh đề

° Ví dụ:  Although/Though/Even though her job is hard, her salary is low.

 /* Mặc dù công việc vất vả nhưng lương của cô ấy lại thấp.*/

2. Dùng Though ở đầu câu thể hiện sự trang trọng hơn Although và Even though

– Although, though, even though đều có cùng nghĩa nhưng though khi đứng ở đầu câu giúp câu nói trang trọng hơn so với khi nó đứng giữa hai mệnh đề. even though mang nghĩa nhấn mạnh hơn.

° Ví dụ: Her salary is low, although/though/even though her job is hard

 /* Lương của cô ấy thấpmặc dù công việc vất vả.*/

3. Dùng Although: Sau Although chúng ta sử dụng mệnh đề gồm chủ ngữ và động từ

° Ví dụ: We enjoyed our camping holiday although it rained every day.

 /* Chúng tôi vui vẻ cắm trại cho dù ngày nào trời cũng mưa.*/

Although he worked very hard, he didn’t manage to pass the exam.

 /* Cho dù học chăm nhưng cậu ấy vẫn không thể qua nổi kỳ thi.*/

The holiday was great although the hotel wasn’t very nice.

 /* Kỳ nghỉ rất tuyệt cho dù khách sạn không được tốt lắm.*/

4. Dùng Even though giống như Although, Even though cũng được theo sau bởi một mềnh đề gồm chủ ngữ và động từ.

– Even though có sắc thái ý nghĩa mạnh hơn although

° Ví dụ: We decided to buy the house even though we didn’t really have enough money.

 /* Chúng tôi vẫn mua nhà cho dù chúng tôi thực sự không có đủ tiền.*/

You keep making that stupid noise even though I’ve asked you to stop three times.

/*Cậu vẫn tiếp tục tạo ra những âm thanh ngu ngốc cho dù tôi đã nhắc nhở cậu ba lần rồi.*/

5. Dùng Though: Though có thể dùng thay cho although, cấu trúc câu vẫn không thay đổi

° Ví dụ: I didn’t get a job though I had all the necessary qualifications

 /*Tôi không nhận được công việc đó mặc dù tôi có tất cả những bằng cấp cần thiết.*/

– Trong văn nói tiếng anh, chúng ta thường dùng Though ở cuối câu

° Ví dụ: The house isn’t very nice. I like the garden though

 /* Căn nhà không đẹp lắm nhưng thôi thích khu vườn.*/

III. Chuyển đổi câu giữa Although và Despite

– Như trên chúng ta đã hiểu cách dùng Although, Though, Even though, Despite và In spite of. Dưới đây là một số công thức chuyển đổi giữa Although và Despite

1. Nếu chủ ngữ của 2 mệnh đề giống nhau thì ta bỏ chủ ngữ rồi lấy động từ thêm -ing

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + S + V → In spite of/ Despite + V_ing

° Ví dụ: Although the car was dirty, he didn’t wash it → Despite/in spite of the dirty car, he didn’t wash it. /*Dù chiếc ô tô rất bẩn nhưng anh ta vẫn không rửa nó.*/

2. Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ + be + tính từ thì ta đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ, bỏ to be

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + The + N + Be + Adj → In spite of/Despite + The + Adj + N

° Ví dụ: Although the car was dirty, he didn’t wash it. → Despite /in spite of the dirty car, he didn’t wash it. /*Dù chiếc ô tô rất bẩn nhưng anh ta vẫn không rửa nó.*/

3. Nếu chủ ngữ là đại từ + be + tính từ thì ta đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + S + Be + Adj → In spite of/ Despite + His /her/ their + N

° Ví dụ: Although he was ill, he still went to school. → Despite his illness, he still went to school. (Dù cho anh ta bị ốm nhưng anh ấy vẫn đi học.)

4. Nếu chủ từ là đại từ + động từ + trạng từ thì ta đổi đại từ thành sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ, trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ

° Ví dụ: Although He behaves impolitely, everybody still loves him. → Despite/in spite of his impolite behavior, everybody still loves him.

5. Nếu câu có dạng there be + danh từ thì ta bỏ there be chỉ giữ lại danh từ

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + There + Be + Noun → In spite of/ Despite + Noun

° Ví dụ: Although there was the traffic jam, we went home early. → Despite / in spite of the traffic jam, we went home early.

6. Nếu câu có dạng It (be) + tính từ về thời tiết. Đổi tính từ thành danh từ thêm “the” phía trước

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + It + Be + Adj → In spite of/ Despite + Noun

° Ví dụ: Although it was rainy, the children were still happy to play in the garden. → Despite/in spite of the rain, the children were still happy to play in the garden.

7. Nếu câu có dạng Danh từ + (be) + V3/ed (câu bị động) thì ta đổi V3/ed thành danh từ rồi thêm the phía trước và of phía sau, danh từ ở câu gốc đem xuống để sau of

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + Noun + Be + V3/ed → In spite of/Despite + The Noun + of + Noun

° Ví dụ: Although television was invented, my father still keeps the habit of reading newspaper. → Despite / in spite of the invention of television, my father still keeps the habit of reading newspaper. /*Dù cho TV đã được phát minh nhưng bố tôi vẫn giữ thói quen đọc báo.*/

8. Thêm the fact that trước mệnh đề

– Cấu trúc chuyển: Although + S + V → In spite of/Despite + The fact that + S + V

° Ví dụ: Although I studied very hard, I failed the placement test. → Despite the fact that I studied very hard, I failed the placement test.

IV. Bài tập về although, despite, in spite of, though và even though

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng để hoàn thành câu

* Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.

1. _____ he likes chocolate, he tries not to eat it.

A. as        B .though         C. since        D. despite

2. _____ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.

A. In spite        B. In spite of        C. Despite        D. Although

3. _____, he walked to the station.

A. Despite being tired        B. Although to be tired

C. In spite being tired        D. Despite tired

4. _____ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.

A. Because         B. Even though         C. In spite of         D. Despite of

5. She left him _____she still loved him.

A. even if         B. even though         C. in spite of         D. despite

6. Last night we came to the show late _____ the traffic was terrible.

A. although         B. despite         C. and         D. because

7. _______there is a lot of noise in the city, I prefer living there.

A. despite         B. in spite of         C. because of         D. though

8. _______ the weather, we went sailing.

A. despite         B. in spite of         C. although         D. A and B

9. _______Hudson led early, he lost the race.

A. though         B. although         C. even though         D. all are correct

10. In spite of not speaking French, Mike decided to settle in Paris.

A. Even though Mike didn’t speak French, but he decided to settle in Paris.

B. Mike decided to settle in Paris despite he didn’t speak French.

C. Mike decided to settle in Paris though the fact that not speaking French.

D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.

11. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting though he took a taxi.

A. Even though taking a taxi, Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.

B. In spite of taking a taxi, but Mr. Ba was late for the meeting.

C. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.

D. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting although having taken a taxi.

12. We came to the meeting on time though the traffic was heavy.

A. Despite the traffic was heavy; we came to the meeting on time.

B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.

C. Even though the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.

D. Although the traffic was heavy, but we came to the meeting on time.

13. Although he took a taxi, Bill still arrived late for the concert.

A. Bill arrived late for the concert whether he took a taxi or not.

B. Bill arrived late for the concert because of the taxi.

C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.

D. Bill took a taxi to the concert, but he couldn’t catch it.

14. Although she is rich, she can’t afford to buy the car.

A. She doesn’t have enough money to buy the car she likes.

B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.

C. The car is too expensive for her to buy.

D. She wants to buy the car but it costs a lot.

15. Although Sue felt tired, she stayed up late talking to Jill.

A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.

B. In spite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.

C. Sue wouldn’t feel tired despite staying up late talking to Jill.

D. Sue stayed up late talking to Jill. As a result, she was tired.

16. Even though Trung had a bad cold, he went to the concert.

A. In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert.

B. Trung had a bad cold because he went to the concert.

C. Trung went to the concert despite of having a bad cold.

D. Trung had a bad cold. However, he went to the concert.

17. _____it was raining heavily he went out without a raincoat.

A. In spite        B. In spite of        C. However        D. Although

18. _____he wasn’t feeling very well; Mr. Graham went to visit his aunt as usual.

A. Although        B. However        C. Therefore        D. Still

19. He was offered the job______ his qualifications were poor.

A. despite        B. in spite of        C. even though        D. Whereas

19. ______ we were in town, we often met him.

A. For        B. Although        C. So        D. When

20. She didn’t get the job ____ she had all the necessary qualifications.

A. because        B. although        C. so        D. but

21. I could not eat ____ I was very hungry.

A. even though        B. in spite        C. despite        D. in spite the fact that

22. In spite _____, the baseball game was not cancelled.

A. the rain        B. of the rain        C. it was raining        D. there was a rain

23. ______ he had enough money, he refused to buy a new car.

A. In spite        B. In spite of        C. Despite        D. Although

24. ______, he walked to the station.

A. Despite being tired        B. Although to be tired        C. In spite being tired        D. Despite tired

25. The children slept well, despite _____.

A. it was noise         B. the noise         C. of the noise         D. noisy

26. She left him ______ she still loved him.

A. even if         B. even though         C. in spite of         D. despite

27. _____ her lack of hard work, she was promoted.

A. In spite         B. Even though         C. in spite of         D. despite of

28. _____ they are brothers, they do not look like.

A. Although         B. Even         C. Despite         D. In spite of

Bài tập 2: Kết hợp các câu sử dụng: though, although, even though

* Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though

1. Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam. My friend Anny does not enjoy it.

2. Bob always walks to work. He is living in the city.

3. My house is near the beach. I rarely go swimming.

4. My brother is working in Ha Noi. He comes home on every public holiday.

5. Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year.

6. Most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV.

7. Nick used to smoke. He seems to be in good health.

8. I couldn’t sleep. I was tired.

9. Henry’s friend is a millionaire. He hates spending money.

10. We couldn’t get tickets. We queued for an hour.

Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu, bắt đầu với các từ gợi ý trong ngoặc

* Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses:

1. She has plenty of money, but she is very mean. (although)

2. They have a car, but they rarely use it. (though)

3. He was innocent, but he was sent to prison. (although)

4. He has a number of relatives living nearby, but he never visits them (even though)

5. She never takes any kind of exercise, but she is quite fit and healthy. (even though)

6. The keyboard wasn’t working well. She tried to finish the letter (although)

7. The forecast said it would rain. It turned out to be a beautiful day. (although)

8. I’m no better. I’ve taken the bill. (even though)

9. The traffic was bad. I arrived at the airport on time. (though)

10. I didn’t get the job. I had all necessary qualifications. (though)

11. We enjoyed the vacation. It rained a lot. (although)

12. She felt sick. She went to work. (though)

13. I was really tired. I couldn’t sleep. (even though)

14. He is very rich. He isn’t happy. (although)

15. She couldn’t answer the question. She is very intelligent. (though)

Bài tập 4: Viết lại các câu với các từ đã cho

* Rewrite the sentences with the word given.

1. Although he has a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid.

In spite of _________

2. Although I had never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.

Despite _________

3. She wasn’t wearing the coat although it was quite cold.

In spite of _________

4. We thought we’d better invite them to the party although we don’t like them very much.

Despite _________

5. Although I didn’t speak the language, I managed to make myself understand.

In spite of _________

6. Although the heat was on, the room wasn’t warm.

Despite _________

7. I didn’t recognize her although I’d met her twice before.

In spite of _________

8. We’re not very good friends although we’ve known each other a long time.

Despite _________

9. Although Minh was ill, he still came to the meeting.

In spite of _________

10. Although he promised that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock.

Despite _________

11. Although the salary was low, he accepted the job.

Despite _________

12. In spite of their quarrel, they remain the best of friends.

Though _________

13. In spite of the bad weather, they went out for dinner.

Although _________

14. In spite of his age, he still leads an active life.

Even though _________

15. In spite of his hard work, Ba he failed his exam.

Though _________

16. In spite of the heavy rain, we decided to go to see the match.

Although _________

17. Although they lost, the home team played very well.

Despite _________

18. Even though it was raining, I still went to school on time.

In spite of _________

19. Although she isn’t brilliant, she studies quite well.

Despite _________

20. She isn’t brilliant but she studies quite well.

Although _________

V. Đáp án Bài tập về although, despite, in spite of, though và even though

Bài tập 1: Chọn đáp án đúng hoàn thành câu.

* Choose the best answer to complete these sentences.

1. B .though

2. D. Although

3. A. Despite being tired

4. C. In spite of

5. B. even though

6. D. because

7. D. though

8. D. A and B

9. D. all are correct

10. D. Although Mike didn’t speak French; he decided to settle in Paris.

11. C. Mr. Ba was late for the meeting despite the fact he took a taxi.

12. B. In spite of the heavy traffic, we came to the meeting on time.

13. C. In spite of taking a taxi, Bill arrived late for the concert.

14. B. Rich as she is, she can’t afford to buy the car.

15. A. Despite feeling tired, Sue stayed up late talking to Jill.

16. A. In spite of his bad cold, Trung went to the concert.

17. D. Although

18. A. Although

19. C. even though

20. B. although

21. A. even though

22. B. of the rain

23. D. Although

24. A. Despite being tired

25. B. the noise

26. B. even though

27. C. in spite of

28. A. Although

Bài tập 2: Kết hợp các câu sử dụng: though, although, even though

* Combine these sentences using: though, although, even though

1. Although Lion dancing is very popular in Viet Nam, my friend Anny does not enjoy it.

2. Bob always walks to work although he is living in the city.

3. Although My house is near the beach, I rarely go swimming.

4. Although My brother is working in Ha Noi, he comes home on every public holiday.

5. Although Paul is an Australian, he enjoys Vietnamese New year.

6 Although most children go to see the firework show, Linh and Mai stay home watching TV.

7. Although Nick used to smoke, he seems to be in good health.

8. I couldn’t sleep although I was tired.

9. Although Henry’s friend is a millionaire, he hates spending money.

10. We couldn’t get tickets although he queued for an hour.

Bài tập 3: Viết lại câu bắt đầu với các từ trong ngoặc

* Rewrite the sentences, beginning with the words in parentheses:

1. Although she has plenty of money, she is very mean.

2. Though they have a car, they rarely use it.

3. Although he was innocent, he was sent to prison.

4. Even though he has a number of relatives living nearby, he never visits them

5. Even though she never takes any kind of exercise, she is quite fit and healthy.

6. Although the keyboard wasn’t working well, she tried to finish the letter

7. The forecast said it would rain although it turned out to be a beautiful day.

8. I’m no better even though I’ve taken the bill.

9. The traffic was bad though I arrived at the airport on time.

10. I didn’t get the job though I had all necessary qualifications.

11. We enjoyed the vacation although it rained a lot.

12. Though she felt sick, she went to work.

13. Even though I was really tired, I couldn’t sleep.

14. Although he is very rich, He isn’t happy.

15. She couldn’t answer the question though she is very intelligent.

Bài tập 4: Viết lại câu với các từ đã cho

* Rewrite the sentences with the word given.

1. In spite of having a very important job, he isn’t particularly well-paid.

2. Despite having never seen her before, I recognized her from a photograph.

3. In spite of the cold weather, she wasn’t wearing the coat.

4. Despite not liking them very much, we thought we’d better invite them to the party.

5. In spite of not speaking the language, I managed to make myself understand.

6. Despite the heat, the room wasn’t warm.

7. In spite of having met her twice before, I didn’t recognize her.

8. Despite having known each other a long time, we’re not very good friends.

9. In spite of Minh’s illness, he still came to the meeting.

10. Despite promising that he wouldn’t be late, he didn’t arrive until 9 o’clock.

11. Despite the low salary, he accepted the job.

12. Though they often quarrel, they remain the best of friends.

13. Although the weather was bad, they went out for dinner.

14. Even though he is old, he still leads an active life.

15. Though Ba worked hard, he failed the exam.

16. Although it rained heavily, we decided to go to see the match.

17. Despite their losing, the home team played very well.

18. In spite of the rain, I still went to school on time.

19. Despite being brilliant, she studies quite well.

20. Although not being brilliant, she studies quite well.

Hy vọng với bài viết chi tiết về cách dùng Although, Despite, In spite of, Though, Even though và bài tập ở trên giúp ích cho các bạn.